Protective Effect of Sulforaphane On Indomethacin Protective effect of sulforaphane on indomethacin-induced cytotoxicity via heme oxygenase-1 expression in human intestinal Int 407 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Sep;53(9):1166-76. Yeh CT, Chiu HF, Yen GC. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan. Sulforaphane is known to be an indirect antioxidant that acts by inducing NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent phase II enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human intestinal Int 407 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot data revealed that sulforaphane induced an increase in HO-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. This induction was also marked by an increase in HO-1 activity. Actinomycin D (an RNA synthesis inhibitor) and cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) inhibited sulforaphane-responsive HO-1 mRNA expression, indicating that sulforaphane is a requirement for transcription and de novo protein synthesis. Moreover, sulforaphane increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and increased the binding activity of nuclear proteins to the antioxidant

Disinfection of Rice Seeds Prior to Sprouting Disinfection of Rice Seeds Prior to Sprouting J. Food Sci. 62:611-615. 1997. Piernas, V. and J.P. Guiraud. ABSTRACT: Different methods of rice seeds disinfection were investigated in order to limit the development of micro-organisms during sprouting. At room temperature, sodium hypochlorite at 1000 ppm or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a 2 to 3 log decrease in aerobic plate counts. Ethanol was found to inhibit germination, thus prohibiting its use. The limited effectiveness of decontaminating solutions could be because they did not access the bacteria, which was supported by the results of washing with benzalkonium chloride. Greater reduction (up to 5 log) was obtained by soaking seeds for 5 min in a sodium hypochlorite solution at 60°C.

Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Transmitted by Chlorine Pretreated Clover Sprout Seeds Salmonella Typhimurium infections transmitted by chlorine-pretreated clover sprout seeds. Am J Epidemiol 2001 Dec 1;154(11):1020-8 Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol 2002 May 15;155(10):980 Brooks JT, Rowe SY, Shillam P, Heltzel DM, Hunter SB, Slutsker L, Hoekstra RM, Luby SP. Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Raw seed sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks of enteric infections. Presoaking seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter (ppm) calcium hypochlorite solution before sprouting is recommended to reduce bacterial contamination and infection risk. In 1999, the authors investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infections in Colorado. In a case-control study, they matched 20 cases with 58 controls by age, sex, and telephone prefix; 10 (52%) of 19 cases and no controls recalled eating raw alfalfa-style sprouts in the 5 days before the patient's illness (p < 0.00001). Traceback implicated clover sprouts grown from seeds shared by two sprouters. The time

Alfalfa Sprout Recall in 2001 STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCES RECALL OF ALFALFA SPROUTS News Release: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES NUMBER: 27-01 DATE: April 17, 2001 FOR RELEASE: IMMEDIATE CONTACT: Ken August or Lea Brooks (916) 657-3064 SACRAMENTO - Fuji Natural Foods of Ontario is recalling all of its alfalfa sprout products because they may be contaminated with Salmonella, a bacteria that causes human illness, State Health Director Diana Bontá, R.N., Dr. P.H., announced today. The manufacturer also is temporarily suspending production of alfalfa sprouts while its production and testing processes are being reviewed. While no illnesses have been associated with lots covered by the recall, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) is investigating an outbreak of Salmonella illnesses associated with Fuji alfalfa sprouts from another lot, which is no longer in the marketplace. Twenty-two cases of illness were reported from 12 California counties and one from Arizona between Feb. 2 and March 26. The recalled products were distributed to wholesalers, grocery stores, delis and restaurants in California, Arizona, Nevada

Inactivation of Escherichia Coli On Alfalfa Seeds by Ultraviolet Inactivation of Escherichia coli on alfalfa seeds by ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation. 2005 IFT Annual Meeting, July 15-20 - New Orleans, Louisiana Session 54F, Nonthermal Processing: General I D. Gonzalez-Dector1, F. SAN MARTIN2, E. Palou, and A. López-Malo. (1) Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Martir S/N, San Andres Cholula, Pue., 72820, Mexico, (2) Dept. de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Univ. de las Américas, Puebla, Sta. Catarina Martir, Cholula, Puebla, 72820, Mexico Short-wave ultraviolet irradiation is effective for decontamination of water and surfaces. Reports about the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation for decontamination of seeds for sprouting are scarce. Some countries, including the U. S., have reported Escherichia coli and Salmonella outbreaks associated to the consumption of sprouts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation of alfalfa seeds for inactivation of Escherichia coli inoculated into seed surface. Alfalfa seeds (200g) were soaked in an 18h culture of Escherichia coli and mixed with a sterile spatula. After 1min, seeds were decanted and spread over cheesecloth and

Salmonella Enteritidis in Mung Bean Sprouts in California April 2000 Salmonella Enteritidis: California Infectious Diseases News Brief, April 28 2000, Health Canada - Population and Public Health Branch (formerly LCDC). 2000. California health officials have warned consumers against eating raw mung-bean sprouts from Pacific Coast Sprout Farms. Officials have linked the raw sprouts with 45 cases of the food-borne illness, Salmonella Enteritidis, reported in Sacramento, Placer and Yobo counties since March 26. Pacific Coast Sprout Farms recalled its product this week. The Sacramento-based company distributed the mung-bean sprouts under the Pacific Coast Sprout Farms label in 12- and 16-ounce plastic bags and in bulk. This is the first reported outbreak of salmonellosis associated with raw mung-bean sprouts in the United States. Previous outbreaks have been linked to raw alfalfa and clover sprouts.

Salmonella Outbreak Tied to Sprouts From Dixon San Francisco Salmonella Outbreak Tied To Sprouts From Dixon San Francisco       Sabin Russell, Chronicle Staff Writer Saturday, June 19, 1999 A batch of salad sprouts contaminated by Salmonella bacteria has sickened at least 18 Northern California residents and prompted a recall by the Yolo County distributor of the garden fresh products. The California Department of Health Services issued a warning yesterday afternoon that packages of Salad Cosmo and Sprout Medley brand clover sprouts made by Salad Cosmos of Dixon had been linked to a Bay Area outbreak. A total of 13 cases of salmonellosis, a food-borne illness marked by fever and diarrhea, have been traced to the sprouts in Santa Clara County. Three cases have been identified in Santa Cruz, and one each in San Benito and San Francisco. All of the reported case occurred between May 10 and May 30. Although 18 cases of salmonellosis have been confirmed, sources said state health experts are investigating at least eight other suspected cases, all in Santa Clara County.

Sprout Outbreaks From 1996 to 2004 These tables show sprout outbreaks from 1996 to 2004. Only outbreaks with FDA involvement are shown. Sprout Outbreaks, 1996 - 2004* US FDA, Data as of 6/25/2004, J Sanders   Year Vehicle Agent Cases States 1996 [a] Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella Montevideo 550 CA, NV Clover sprouts Salmonella meleagridis 100 CA, NV 1997 Alfalfa & other sprouts Salmonella infantis / Salmonella anatum 109 KS, MO Alfalfa sprouts E. coli O157:H7 108 MI, VA Alfalfa & clover sprouts Salmonella senftenberg 60 NV, CA 1998 Alfalfa & clover sprouts E. coli O157 NM 8 CA, NV Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella cubana 22 AZ, CA, MD, NM, UT Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella Havana 18 AZ, CA 1999 Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella Mbandaka 83 CA, ID, OR, WA Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella spp 34 MI Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella muenchen 38 CA Alfalfa sprouts Salmonella muenchen 61 CA, MI, WI Clover sprouts Salmonella saintpaul 36 CA Clover & alfalfa sprouts Salmonella typhimurium 137 CO, CT 2000 Mung bean sprouts Salmonella enteritidis 75 CA 2001

Outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans and Multi Outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans And Multi-State Alfalfa Sprout Recalls In June 2004 there was a recall of alfalfa sprouts by seven sprout companies.  One recall notice and eight sprout and seed recall notices are listed below, along with a news item from RSSL. Product recalls and alerts RSSL Food e-News Edition 205: 06 - 13 October 2004 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published recalls of products that were manufactured using alfalfa seed lot X3023 from Caudill Seed & Warehouse Inc .  These alfalfa seeds have been associated with an outbreak of Salmonella bovismorbificansinfection; ·                   Sprouters Northwest Inc, 'Alfalfa Sprouts' ·                   Northland Soy Products Inc, 'Alfalfa Sprouts' ·                   Down to Earth Sprout Farm, 'Alfalfa Sprouts' ·                   Sunshine Sprouts, 'Alfalfa Sprouts' ·                   Caudill Seed and Warehouse Inc 'Lucerne Seed' (alfalfa seeds) ·                   Perfect Sprouts, 'Alfalfa Sprouts', 'Green Sprout Mix', and 'Zesty Sprout Mix' ·                   Rainbow Garden, 'Alfalfa Sprouts'         Enforcement Report The FDA Enforcement Report is published weekly by the Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and